Search intent is what a person wants when they type a query: to learn something, to find a particular site, to compare options, or to buy.
The same topic can carry different intents. "What is a CRM" wants an explanation; "best CRM for freelancers" wants a shortlist; "HubSpot pricing" wants one page on one site.
Search engines rank the kind of page that satisfies the intent. A product page will not rank for a query whose results are all guides, however good the product.
Why it matters for a launch
Before writing a page, look at what already ranks for the phrase. It shows which kind of page the searcher expects, and whether yours is that kind.
Read more: Why a new website isn't on Google yet